Two primary types of exosome technologies are loaded cargo and non-cargo. Loaded cargo pertains to exosomes that have been modified to carry specific cargos, including therapeutic agents, employing passive or active loading methods. These engineered exosomes are derived from various cell sources such as HEK293 cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), platelets, erythrocytes, natural killer cells, and others. They find applications in both therapeutics and diagnostics, with end-users encompassing healthcare providers, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, and other entities.